Shrubs are closely relate&to trees, the two supplementing each other in complex forest communities where the former form the lower layer. Their shorter height and better adaptability to extreme conditions enable them to penetrate even areas where trees cannot grow and to establish extensive thickets.
One example is the high mountain shrub community above the tree line consisting of dwarf pine, European green alder, dwarf willows, rhododendrons and other shrubs whose limited height coupled with a protective blanket of snow permits them to survive the icy winds and sub-zero temperatures of the winter months.
Beyond the Arctic Circle, in regions with a shallow layer of soil that thaws only during the brief summer season, the shrub communities include arctic species such as dwarf willows and birches.
The first group includes Caragana arborescens, Chaenomeles lagenaria, Crataeous laevigata (oxyacantha), Ligustrum vulgare, Lonicera tatarica, physecarpus opulifolius and Syringa vulgaris ; the second Berberis thunbergtz, Buxus sempervirens, Mahonia aquifolium, Prunus spinosa, Ribes alpinum, Rosa rugosa and Spiraea x vanhouttei.
Besides their importance in landscaping, shrubs also yield raw Inaterials for industrial use. Despite their small dimensions the wood of certain shrubs is much in demand either because of its excellent properties or for special uses (cornelian cherry, box, alder buckthorn, spindle tree, etc.). The wood, bark and leaves of other shrubs yield products needed by the rubber and leather industries (spindle tree, smoke tree, staghorn sumach, etc.).
Many shrubs have healing properties and their flowers, fruits, leaves or bark are collected for pharmaceutical purposes (hawthorn, elder, alder buckthorn, common buckthorn, etc.). Quite a few bear fruits rich in vitamins or of great nutrient value and these are processed by the food industry (hazel, blackthorn, quince, raspberry, dog rose, cornelian cherry, etc.). In many regions certain shrubs and their parts are used for other purposes and in the making of a great variety of products.
One example is the high mountain shrub community above the tree line consisting of dwarf pine, European green alder, dwarf willows, rhododendrons and other shrubs whose limited height coupled with a protective blanket of snow permits them to survive the icy winds and sub-zero temperatures of the winter months.
Beyond the Arctic Circle, in regions with a shallow layer of soil that thaws only during the brief summer season, the shrub communities include arctic species such as dwarf willows and birches.
The first group includes Caragana arborescens, Chaenomeles lagenaria, Crataeous laevigata (oxyacantha), Ligustrum vulgare, Lonicera tatarica, physecarpus opulifolius and Syringa vulgaris ; the second Berberis thunbergtz, Buxus sempervirens, Mahonia aquifolium, Prunus spinosa, Ribes alpinum, Rosa rugosa and Spiraea x vanhouttei.
Besides their importance in landscaping, shrubs also yield raw Inaterials for industrial use. Despite their small dimensions the wood of certain shrubs is much in demand either because of its excellent properties or for special uses (cornelian cherry, box, alder buckthorn, spindle tree, etc.). The wood, bark and leaves of other shrubs yield products needed by the rubber and leather industries (spindle tree, smoke tree, staghorn sumach, etc.).
Many shrubs have healing properties and their flowers, fruits, leaves or bark are collected for pharmaceutical purposes (hawthorn, elder, alder buckthorn, common buckthorn, etc.). Quite a few bear fruits rich in vitamins or of great nutrient value and these are processed by the food industry (hazel, blackthorn, quince, raspberry, dog rose, cornelian cherry, etc.). In many regions certain shrubs and their parts are used for other purposes and in the making of a great variety of products.
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When the contours and layout of the garden have been plotted on a flat garden plan, you can begin to translate the shapes into walls, steps and paves areas which will form the basic skeleton of the garden.
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