By Andrew Muigai
A majority of visitors to Dar es Salaam find it worthwhile to tour Mikumi, Udzungwa, Ruaha and Selous game reserves. These destinations comprise the southern safari circuit of Tanzania. Mikumi National Park is just a few hours away by car, and Zanzibar is a quick 2-hour ferry ride (or an even quicker flight) away. For relaxing day trips to nearby islands, arranged transportation via White Sands Hotel or Bahari Beach Hotel.
Occupying 3,230 sq km, Mikumi carries a variety of wildlife including elephants, lion,giraffe, impala, warthog, zebra, buffalo, wildebeest, hartebeest and eland. Wild dogs- considered an endangered carnivore species -are found here in good numbers. Other resident animals are crocodiles, hippos, and monitor lizards. Birds are most plentiful in the wet season when up to 300 species gathers here. Many of these are Eurasian migrants, exercising to the full, the freedom that comes with wings. The Mikumi flood plain is the dominant feature of the park, which is bordered on one side by the Uluguru Mountains and on another by the Lumango range. Mikumi forms the northern border of the Selous Game Reserve and is part of a vast wilderness ecosystem covering 75,000 sq km. Open grasslands stretch on the plains, while the miombo woodlands cover higher ground.
The park is accessible year round- unlike some of the sanctuaries in the southern circuit. To get to Mikuni from Dar, you spend 4 hours on road or 1 hour by air. Budget travelers take a bus ride to park gate, from where game drives are organized There is limited accommodation at a few luxury lodges and tented camps and at 3 campsites. If you find yourself in Dar on a weekend, this is where you head to see wildlife.
The 1,990 sq km Udzungwa Mountains National Park is 348 km west of Dar and 65 km southwest of Mikumi. The mountains are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains that fall southeast of Kilimanjaro. The park is unique in Tanzania, having been created primarily to conserve plant life. The pristine mountain forest habitat hosts numerous rare plants. There are six primate species, out of which two species are endemic - the Iringa red colobus monkey and the Sanje Crested Mangabey. At the plateau area, you find elephants, lions, hunting dogs and buffaloes, though not in as large numbers as in some of the other Tanzania parks. Birds also do well here, and indeed the park ranks as one of Africas most important bird conservation areas. Scientists have in recent times come across at least four previously unknown bird species. The best time to visit is over the dry season between June and October. The hiking trails over the wet season are slippery, which can be quite a nuisance.
The Ruaha National Park is rightly named after its lifeblood- the Great Ruaha River. Occupying 12,950 sq km, it is Tanzanias second largest national park and the world's biggest elephant sanctuary. Home to numerous crocodiles and hippo, the Great Ruaha draws many thirsty water buck, leopard, buffalo, reed buck, wild dogs, lion and hyena to its banks. Plain animals such as zebra, greater and lesser kudu, sable and roan antelope, impala and giraffe are found on the plains stretching from the rivers edge. The topography is agreeable to hiking and walking safaris are allowed. In wet season months of March to April and October to November the bird population peaks and the park has over 370 bird species, including some Eurasian migrants.
The flora is very diverse and over 1650 plant species flourish here. The Ruaha has the unique distinction of having plant and animal life found in both eastern and southern Africa. The climate here is hot and dry and temperatures can reach 40 degrees Celsius in October. The Ruaha is located 128 km west of the central Tanzania town of Iringa. It was previously inaccessible, but there is now year round road access. From Dar, road travel is a backbreaking 10 hours while a charter flight takes 1 " hours. The best time for a safari is over the dry season- May to December. Then, the Ruaha River is magnetic to the animals and right at the banks, the drama of their daily life is on display- feeding, fighting, courting and mating. The accommodation is currently limited, but there is a luxury lodge, and a few self-catering chalets and campsites.
The indisputable star of the southern safari circuit is the Selous game reserve, named after the celebrated Victoria era naturalist and explorer, Fredrick Courtney Selous. Fredrick Selous died here during the first world war, at a time when Tanzania was under German rule. The game reserve is situated 500 km southwest of Dar es Salaam, and occupies 55,000 sq. km, an area larger than Switzerland. Selous is the largest game reserve in Africa and was declared a UNESCO world heritage site in 1982. Diverse habitats cover the Selous wilderness, ranging from open savanna grasslands, to woodlands, forests, and swamps.
There over 2,100 plant and tree species in Selous. Rufiji river is the lifeblood of the game reserve and has many oxbow lakes and tributaries suitable for boating safaris. Lions, elephants, black rhinos, buffaloes, hippos, wild dogs, elands, impala, water bucks, giraffes, zebras, greater kudu, baboons, and bush bucks are just some of the wild animals found in Selous. Birdwatchers also have an exciting tour in Selous, with over 420 bird species. Just like in Ruaha, game animals in Selous are widely scattered due to the large size of the reserve. The best game watching experience is attained by taking a slow pace, preferably 3-4 days. Visitors can enjoy a rewarding photographic safari in Selous, with Stiegler's gorge being a favorite spot also favored by leopards.
To get to Selous from Dar es Salaam, it takes one and a half hours by flight or seven hours by road. Road trips are tiresome and are only advisable for the most adventurous people. Being quite near the coast, Selous is only a few hundred feet above sea level. Selous has a hot and humid climate especially between October and March. During the wet season, March to May, parts of the reserve are closed. The dry season is the best for visiting, during which time you can take walking safaris, boat rides, or self drive safaris in a 4x4 vehicle. There are limited accommodation facilities in Selous, with only a few luxury tented camps and no frills camps.
Another travel destination worth visiting in Tanzania is Sadani game reserve, situated 50 km from Bagamoyo in the North coast. With African wild animals like elephants, giraffes, zebras, leopards, and buffaloes, the game reserve gives visitors a bush at the beach experience. However, Sadani is only accessible by making special transport arrangements.
Prior to traveling into Tanzania and Dar es Salaam, visitors coming from areas infected with yellow fever need to be vaccinated against yellow fever, and have certificate of vaccination as proof. Visitors from such regions as Europe, North America, New Zealand, and Australia are exempted from this requirement since yellow fever is not endemic in those regions. Tanzania's forested northwest region is a yellow fever high-risk area. Malaria is also very prevalent in Tanzania and travelers are advised to take anti-malarial medication starting as early as two weeks before arrival. Other recommended vaccinations are typhoid, hepatitis A, and polio. Additionally, a visa is required for all visitors except those from some specified African and commonwealth countries. Where possible, acquire the visa from the Tanzanian embassy or high commission in your country in advance. Some international airlines may not allow you to board a Tanzania flight without the visa. Generally, visas are also attainable at such entry points as Dar es Salaam, Kilimanjaro, and Zanzibar international airports, and border posts like Namanga gate on the border with Kenya.
Dar es Salaam can be reached through regional hubs at Nairobi and Johannesburg and to a lesser extent Addis Ababa. The airport is also accessed from other Tanzania airports that serve domestic as well as international flights. These include Kilimanjaro International Airport and Dodoma airport among many others. There is a ferry service between Mombasa in Kenya and Dar es Salaam. Visitors to Dar es Salaam should be advised that taxis moving passengers around the city have no meters and charge a standard Tsh 2000 per journey inside the city center As for ferries to Zanzibar, there is a choice of 4 boats- a hydrofoil, a catamaran and 2 ordinary ferry boats. Yellow fever vaccination certification is a must before boarding for Zanzibar. A port charge of US$ 5 is added to the boat fare.
Like most of Tanzania, it never gets really hot in Dar es Salaam. Average temperatures are in the 30 degrees Celsius range, with the hottest season being from October to March. It is therefore recommended that you carry light clothing, i.e. short sleeved shirts, trousers and shorts for men, and short sleeved blouses, skirts and slacks for ladies. Nudity is nevertheless unacceptable in the entire country. If touring the highland areas of Tanzania, you may need warmer clothing like sweaters for the evenings and early mornings.
About the Author:
The author works with Africapoint.com, reputable online travel agents for Africa. Visit Africapoint.com and see the Tanzania tours and safari packages available. Make online reservations for
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